Ian Fleming's Quantum of Solace

James Bond said: “I’ve always thought that if I ever married I would marry an air hostess.”

These are the opening words of Ian Fleming’s short story, Quantum of Solace. The story was originally published in 1960 as part of the short story anthology, For Your Eyes Only. The story is surely Fleming’s most unusual and unique, as it is not an espionage story, nor does Bond play much of a role in it. The tale is set at a dull dinner party hosted by the Governor of Bermuda. After dinner, the Governor tells Bond the story of a young man he knew, who fell in love with and married an air hostess. After she has an affair the relationship dissolves into one of bitterness and hate.

The title, Quantum of Solace, refers to a theory which the Governor calls the “Law of the Quantum of Solace”. This is that human relationships last only as long as a level of basic humanity exists between them. As Bond points out in the text, the phrase means “the amount of comfort”. Fleming’s departure in style with this story was apparently to emulate the famous writer, W. Somerset Maugham.

The 22nd James Bond film is also entitled Quantum of Solace, although only the title is being used for the film. The film is a direct sequel to the 2006 film of Casino Royale and is being released in the UK on 31 October 2008. To tie in with the film's release, Penguin have published the complete short stories of Ian Fleming under the title Quantum of Solace, which is available in both hardback and paperback.

Kingsley's Colonel

After Ian Fleming's death, the first continuation novel to be published was Colonel Sun by Kingsley Amis (writing as Robert Markham). In my own opinion, this is the best of the continuation novels that i have so far. I found it a very good read - especially the second half of the novel which I found difficult to put down (which made doing my university work a little tricky!).

Amis created very good characters. I especially liked Colonel Sun-Liang Tan who was an excellent villain as well as some of Bond's allies such as Nikos Litsas. As well as memorable characters, the novel also makes good use of location and Amis succesfully recreates Ian Fleming's style, but at the same time pushing it a little into his own areas.

It was a very promising start for the continuation series, and it is a pity that Amis didn't write any more Bonds. However, it would be a number of years until another Bond novel was published. If you are wanting to get into the continuation novels, I recommend Colonel Sun as a good starting point.

The Director's Chair - Terence Young

The first director to helm a James Bond film was Terence Young in Dr. No. Young is widely acknowledged as the man who gave James Bond his style. Dr. No’s editor, Peter Hunt claimed that Young could even have played 007 himself! In total he directed three James Bond films, including the first two: Dr. No and From Russia With Love. After a one-film break, he returned to direct Thunderball.

Terence Young’s life was almost as interesting as that of Bond himself. He was born in Shanghai and went to Cambridge before taking part in Operation Market-Garden as a tank commander during World War II. He later co-directed a film about this very battle. His first solo directing credit was in 1948. Young first worked with Cubby Broccoli in 1953 with The Red Beret – a film produced by Broccoli and Irving Allen. This partnership continued for several films, and when Broccoli and Harry Saltzman were planning the first Bond film, Young was hired to direct. Young had a scare while filming the second 007 film, From Russia With Love as the helicopter in which he was flying plunged into the sea while filming. Young, however was back in the director’s chair in a matter of minutes, proving that he was almost as indestructible as Bond himself.

Young passed away in 1994 at the age of 79 after suffering a heart attack. His contribution to the series is immense – without the sense of style and direction given to the early films by Terence Young the series might not have had the lasting impact that it has. Robert Cotton remarked that “Terence Young was James Bond”. How lucky then, that the first 007 films were directed by a man so well suited to the character.

A Licence To Read James Bond

My literary related posts have so far primarily been concerned with the novel of John Gardner. In case anybody had the impression that this was because I preferred Gardner to Fleming, let me just say that this is not the case. The Gardner focus is because I just happen to be working my way through some of Gardner's books at the moment.

If you wish to read some articles about Ian Fleming, allow me to direct you to the 'Licence to Read' series of articles of www.ajb007.co.uk . These articles, written between myself and fellow literary Bond fan Jason Disley, will attempt to cover all of the James Bond novels written to date in the order they were published. The latest article concerns Ian Fleming's final novel The Man With The Golden Gun.
http://www.ajb007.co.uk/articles/a-licence-to-read-tmwtgg/

The next book to be examined will be Ian Fleming's second short story collection, Octopussy and The Living Daylights. After this the series will begin with continuation novels starting with Colonel Sun, so keep an eye on ajb007 to catch these article when they appear!

John Gardner's Role of Honour

The latest Bond novel that I have read is John Gardner’s fourth book, Role of Honour. I will start out by saying that the novel was a typically entertaining read. But, I will add that it is not the most memorable of Gardner’s books that I have read so far. It is now a couple of months since I finished it, and already my memories of the novel are quite vague.

It starts with Bond resigning from SIS in order to allow him to get closer to the enemy by infiltrating their camp. The enemy in the novel turns out to be SPECTRE once again. I found the first half of the novel quite slow moving – the opening chapter is an exception, which features an exciting heist. Bond then spends a great deal of the first half of the novel learning to be a computer games programmer!

The second half of the novel features some exciting action. Apparently Bond and one of the villains were supposed to have a computer gaming match against each other but this was changed because the film Never Say Never Again had already used this idea. The finale takes place on an airship, and the climax of the novel is quite good.

Ultimately this novel goes down as simply a bit of fun, but nothing too significant in the literary 007’s history. The focus on technology and computers make this 1980s novel seem very dated, but for me that is half the fun of reading older novels. Definitely not the worst of Gardner’s books and worth a glance, Role of Honour should entertain you if you enjoy Gardner’s Bond, but don’t expect it to blow your socks off!

007 Profile #2 - George Lazenby

George Lazenby is probably most famous as being the guy who only made one appearance as James Bond. Comments are often made to the effect that On Her Majesty’s Secret Service would be the best Bond film if only Sean Connery was in it. Personally however, I prefer the assessment of Martin Sterling and Gary Morecambe in Martinis, Girls and Guns who say that “On Her Majesty’s Secret Service works because of – not in spite of – George Lazenby’s James Bond.” Sean Connery’s invincible aura would not have been right for the story of OHMSS. Lazenby’s more human, vulnerable character works very well in the context of the film, and as a result OHMSS is one of my favourite Bond films because it is so convincing as a story.

George Lazenby’s own story begins in Queanbeyan, Australia. Lazenby worked as a car salesman, skiing instructor and as a bass guitarist, as well as serving in Australian special forces. His work in the mid-to-late sixties was as a model in London. He appeared in television ads for Fry chocolate, one his few screen roles prior to Bond! His first encounter with producer Cubby Broccoli was in a barber shop, where Lazenby had asked the barber to cut his hair like Sean Connery's. He eventually was chosen as Bond after showing his fighting skills in a screen test in which he broke the nose of the stuntman he was pretending to fight!

After appearing as Bond and declining to continue, Lazenby never achieved the success he could have. He appeared in Kentucky Fried Movie, and a few other small movies, including several Emmanuelle films.

On Her Majesty’s Secret Service has over the years become a favourite amongst many Bond fans, and the film owes much to George Lazenby’s tough, physical, yet realistic portrayal of Ian Fleming’s master spy.

“This never happened to the other fella . . . “

A Short History of Moonraker

Moonraker is a title which has special personal significance for me. Roughly eleven years ago, Moonraker was my first ever Bondian experience. The light hearted humour, the action, the music and all the other elements got me instantly hooked. However, little did I know when I watched that video that I was merely scraping the tip of an iceberg. In fact just the story of Moonraker itself is larger and more interesting than I could have imagined.

The Moonraker legacy begins in April 1955 as it is published – the third book by Ian Fleming. After seeing the film version, it was at least six or seven years before I discovered that the literary version was a completely different story to the film.

One of the few similarities between the film and the book is the name of the villain: Hugo Drax. Sir Hugo Drax of the novel is a red head, ex-German who cheats at cards. His scheme is to destroy London with a nuclear missile, supposedly built for Britain's benefit. Needless to say, James Bond foils this dastardly plot, but unlike in the film of Moonraker – he doesn't get the girl. Also, the girl in the novel is a policewoman named Gala Brand. This character was not featured at all in the film.

Although I was a fan of the film, when I eventually read the book the lack of similarity did not disappoint me – on the contrary I found the novel most enjoyable and it remains one of my favourite Fleming novels. On thing quite unusual is that the entire novel in set in England – strictly speaking not Bond's territory of operation. However, he is given special permission to work on British soil, which gives Ian Fleming a chance to show us some of his favourite places in England.

24 years after the publication of the novel, James Bond had become a genuine household name, and with the success of Star Wars in 1977, the Bond producers saw the opportunity to cash in on the sci-fi trend, and a title such as Moonraker seemed to fit the bill. In the film, the Moonraker is no longer a nuclear missile, but a space shuttle. The film opens with a spectacular pre-credits sequence. A Moonraker shuttle is hijacked while being carried on the back of a Boeing 747, and then we cut to James Bond on a aeroplane. He has a fight with the pilot, whom he throws out of the aeroplane, but Bond then is pushed out himself – without a parachute. Of course, Bond doesn't fall to his death – and in one of the series most thrilling action scenes Bond steals the parachute of the pilot in free fall. This was the scene which really hooked me on Bond.

Another thing which got me hooked was the character of Jaws – a character not from the novel. At over seven feet tall, with razor sharp steel teeth, Jaws is surely one of the most menacing villains in cinema history. He is also portrayed in a humorous light – another thing which initially attracted me to Bond.

The film also featured two new female characters: a CIA agent-cum-astronaut named Holly Goodhead and a French helicopter pilot named Corinne Dufour. Also, the villainous Drax is portrayed as a more elegant, silently menacing villain -quite different from the character in the book. Despite the film's faults – which are much more obvious to me today – it remains a personal favourite, even if just for sentimental reasons.

The novel was also not the last literary incarnation of Moonraker – another version was penned in 1979 by Christopher Wood, the screenwriter of the film. This one has the same story as the film, but is told with a very accurate evocation of Ian Fleming's style. Also, the character of Drax is the one from the original novel, as is the Bond character. The silly, implausable elements of the film are played down and the result is a cracking read which should be essential reading for all Ian Fleming fans. In fact, Ian Fleming Publications really should get Christopher Wood to write some more James Bond novels. He is surely the best author in terms of recreating the style of Ian Fleming.

I hope you have enjoyed this journey into the history of Moonraker – but I have still only scratched the surface. However, let me just say that Moonraker remains a favourite in the film version as well as the two literary incarnations. This is just another example of the fantastic story telling ability, as well as the abilities of the film makers who keep the James Bond legacy going strong.